There are different names thrown around so be clearer. I've always considered "veil" to be the lightest or very light mat but then when I was working on my car, I only concerned myself with mat so some might consider there could be a veil cloth. To be clear, I advise veil mat NOT (woven) cloth.
Maybe I should also clarify that although having all the pieces after an accident would be a good thing, I don't think the hassle of covering the car in woven cloth is worth the effort. Thankfully I haven't been in an accident to test that assumption.
As for resin, I just used what I got from a home improvement store which is polyester. There are others here who have posted about the ins and outs of different resins and which are appropriate for different uses. You might do a search on the forum for key words like "epoxy", "resin", or "polyester" to see what they say. I would say that my glass work has held for a long time so it can't be too bad but I make no claim it was the best resin.
Thankfully, D'man posted some good technical information!