1. The window switches in the console are wired thusly and vertically from the top. They only need to be attached to one or the other side of the switch:
black/blue
2 yellow wires
blue/yellow
2. The ground wire should have a ring terminal on it. That is bolted where you bolt the motor to the door.
3. The Lucas standard for white/green is "Fuel pump no 2 or left-hand to changeover switch" for white/green and "Fuel pump no 2 or left-hand to changeover switch" for white/light green. I don't know how either of those apply to you. The bullet connector is a clue but I wonder if it's not a buzzer wire since it's a wire all by itself.
4. brown wires are supposed to be hot all the time and unfused. That looks like a PO bodge. but I'll look some more.
5. I've attached a lot of grounds to the back of the padding piece that bolts to the bottom of the dash. I also attached some to the brace for the bottom of the dash to the side of the car. I grounded all that to where the bottom dash mounts to the frame or where the console bolts to the frame with the heater/choke controls.
6. I had problems with my radiator fan wiring too but probably because I spazzed out so I installed a radiator fan controller. A yellow/green wire from the fuse box should go to the fan, then a blue/green wire to the switch (otter switch) and then a black wire from the switch to ground.
7. It sounds like you shorted something. I replaced my bulb with an LED and replaced the bullet connectors with male and female spade lugs. There are supposed to be three wires: purple, purple/black, black.
Good luck!